The floods in Semarang city had three causes: a minimum number of upstream resorption areas, drainage failure, and land subsidence and sea level rise. The three must be overcome by dissimilar methods.

At least 15 people died in a landslide on Serasan Island, Natuna Regency, Riau Islands, Monday (6/3/2023). It took more than 12 hours by sea to reach the disaster site from the center of Natuna Regency.

Heavy rainfall and poor drainage systems have caused flooding across several areas in Bekasi, West Java, and Kudus, Central Java.

Entering this year’s main harvest season, rice farmers in West Java and Central Java are facing the dual prospects of crop failure and financial loss from high production costs.

Farmers in a number of areas in Java are threatened with crop failure because their rice fields were flooded. This situation occurs when farmers have to bear the increase in production costs and selling price pressures.

Bekasi regency, West Java, has seen quite severe flooding. Tens of thousands of residents have been affected, with some evacuating.

The mismatch of land use in the upstream of the Citarum watersheds has contributed to flooding and landslides in the areas that are in the watersheds. Neglect of spatial planning is the cause of floods and landslides.

An analysis on built-up land compared with the spatial planning map has found rampant spatial violations in watershed areas (DAS) that pose a high risk to their inhabitants.