In order to reduce the high dependence on foreign shipping companies, Indonesia needs to increase the number of container ships on international routes in line with the increase in exports.

Prices of world crude oil and gas commodities jumped significantly due to increased demand, one of which was triggered by the recovery of economic activity in a number of countries.

Indonesia is the largest consumer of halal products at an estimated US$214 billion, about 10 percent of global halal products. However, a large portion of halal products sold in the country consist of imported products.