We still remember that during the monetary crisis of 1998 and several years afterwards, the increase in the exchange rate of the US dollar against the rupiah caused a headache for businesspeople.

The Kompas Research and Development survey showed that amid the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurs are more skeptical, cautious and have a larger number of  concerns.

Following the rise in the competitiveness index and the ease of doing business index, Indonesia also recorded an improvement in the logistics index. Unfortunately, this has not been accompanied by a decline in logistics costs.