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Watershed Crisis, Spatial Planning and Sectoral Development
The fundamental cause of unhealthy watersheds is spatial planning and spatial use that do not pay attention to watershed principles.
Kompas' main reportage (23/2/2023), Rivers in Indonesia are Increasingly Dangerous, is actually very late because this has been the condition for a long time. It is not only the rivers that are in a critical condition, the entire watershed (DAS) is also in an emergency condition.
Disasters related to water and seasons (hydrometeorology) have not just started happening recently, although lately the intensity and magnitude of their impact have been increasing.