Deliberative Democracy
Experiences in many countries show that citizen councils provide an opportunity to restore public confidence in democracy in the midst of an increase in public distrust of political elites.
Azyumardi Azra
In practice, Indonesian democracy for the last several years can be called liberal democracy with a winner-take-all outcome. The spoils are a large coalition of supporters of the government of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and Vice President Ma'ruf Amin. They fully control the political ecosystem of Indonesia.
The practice of winner-take-all democracy is usually related to the presidential election in the United States, where the voters determine winners of the electoral college in each state, which later confirms the results of the presidential election. Even though the difference in the number of votes between the presidential tickets is not big, all electoral college representations are taken by the winners. The practice of winner-take-all politics — whether in the US presidential election or through an absolute majority political coalition — has caused many negative impacts. One of the main things is that the country is ruled by a political oligarchy in alliance with a business oligarchy. Beyond that, many citizens do not have actual and effective representation in the political process that is claimed to be a democracy.